International Organisations
From the UN to Amnesty International. Decoding acronyms, expressing certainty, and mastering linking words.
1. Vocabulary: Acronyms & Organizations
The world is full of short forms. You must know what they stand for.
🇺🇳 The United Nations (UN)
- NYC: New York City (Headquarters).
- Secretary-General: The leader of the UN.
- Goal: Maintain international peace and security.
- Charter: The constitution of the UN.
🔤 Essential Acronyms
- UN: United Nations
- UNESCO: UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization
- UNICEF: UN International Children's Emergency Fund
- WHO: World Health Organization
- WTO: World Trade Organization
- NGO: Non-Governmental Organization
Other Organizations
- Amnesty International: Human rights.
- Red Cross / Red Crescent: Medical aid in war/disaster.
- FAO: Food and Agriculture Organization (Ending hunger).
- Greenpeace: Environmental protection.
2. Functions: Certainty & Uncertainty
How sure are you? Use these expressions to indicate your level of certainty.
| Certainty (100%) | Probability (70-80%) | Uncertainty / Possibility (50%) |
|---|---|---|
|
• I am sure / certain. • It is obvious that... • Must be: "He has a yacht, he must be rich." • Can't be: "He is eating, he can't be fasting." |
• It is probable that... • It is likely that... • She should be here soon. |
• I'm not sure. • It could be... • May / Might: "It might rain later." • Maybe / Perhaps. |
3. Grammar: Linking Words (Review)
Unit 8 is often a checkpoint for all linking words. Let's group them by function.
➕ Addition
Also, In addition, Moreover, Furthermore, Besides, Not only... but also.
Ex: "The UN helps refugees. Moreover, it fights hunger."
🔄 Concession / Contrast
However, Although, Despite, In spite of, Yet, Nevertheless, Whereas.
Ex: "Although the UN is powerful, wars still exist."
➡️ Cause & Effect
Cause: Because, Since, Due to, Thanks to.
Effect: Therefore, Consequently, As a result, Thus.
Ex: "She didn't get a visa. Consequently, she stayed home."
🎯 Purpose
To, In order to, So as to, So that.
Ex: "NGOs work hard so as to improve lives."
4. Writing: A Report
Task: Write a report about an event organized by a local association.
similar to Unit 3, but more formal.
📄 Sample Report: "Health Caravan"
Report on the Medical Caravan
Organizer: The "Solidarity" Organization
Date: March
20th
Location: Atlas Mountains Village
Last weekend, the "Solidarity" NGO organized a medical caravan to a rural village in the High Atlas. The objective was to provide medical checks to people who live far from hospitals.
The participants included 5 doctors, 10 nurses, and 20 volunteers. They set up tents and started working at 8 AM. Thanks to their efforts, over 300 villagers received treatment and free medicine. The atmosphere was full of hope and gratitude.
In conclusion, the initiative was a great success. However, the village still needs a permanent clinic. We suggest that the authorities build one soon.